First DaysChildren

When a child eats with pleasure?

To date, all the moms who complain of problems with feeding the child, could be divided into two categories. The first, less numerous, are moms talking about the baby’s insatiable appetite, the second is very impressive in size category, are moms who complain of poor appetite of the child.

Why many children have problems with appetite?
Most often this is due to the fact that many parents try to force the “stuff” of children. So care for the benefit of the child turns to violence, which causes irreparable damage to his psyche. Many adults in the period of stress, emotions, worries about saying that they slice the throat will not go. Such a neurotic reaction to food is laid in early childhood, as a result of force-feeding.

What do you think, why do healthy puppies, kittens and other young animals have no problems with appetite, because they had not been fed by force. Problems with appetite may occur only in the sick animal, but even then it is not forced. No problems with appetite, and those children whose mothers did not worry about what day or two – week baby does not eat, they know that then it will take her.

From birth to two years

A child is born with a strong survival instinct, in particular, he knows and loves to suck. But breast-feeding – not just the introduction into the body of essential nutrients. From the first days of life is built on the basis of feeding the emotional life of a child.

When he is hungry, he is worried and crying, calling attention to their needs. When a child is fed, he is calm and happy. This transition from discomfort to comfort creates a significant emotional bond between mother and those pleasant feelings which are received by the infant.

When a child moves from breastfeeding to “adult” food, try to keep that positive emotional connection that was established between you and baby food in the first few months. For this purpose, in particular, show respect to his tastes. If he rejects a new food – do not insist. You can repeat this effort in some time.

Most often, feeding problems occur between the ages of one to two years. Child stubborn, refusing to eat, parents begin to worry and get angry. The more parents insist, the more resolutely opposes child. The less a child eats, the more anxious parents. Each dinner turns into a drama. The tension that grows between parent and child, causes other problems with his behavior. For example, a child can express their protest in the most extreme form – vomiting (which he calls artificial).

To avoid this, do not use banned techniques. If you’re performing in front of this sword dance, vsunete mouth zazevavshegosya baby spoon hated pumpkin porridge, he realizes that he had been deceived. As a result, he becomes suspicious and will always wait for the catch.

Do not try and succeed, all sprinkled with sugar or jam watering, you can reach either disgust or sweet tooth. And both are equally harmful. Remember that most kids willingly eat when hungry and stop when satisfied. Not persuade the child to eat a spoonful more, if you do not want to make this a natural process of conflicting beginning. The best way to maintain a good appetite of the child – not to show him what it is you want to feed him, paying no attention to his wishes.

Tastes are changing a child from month to month, and do not be surprised that he categorically denies that he liked so long ago. And if you insist that he eat only because you’ve already cooked, you’ll get only what the child a temporary aversion to this dish goes into a permanent one.

From two to four

Approximately one and a half years, baby tends itself to make decisions and exercise their will at every opportunity. Food is no exception. It was at this age usually originate in ongoing conflicts around the plate.

Understand, recognizing myself as a person, child tends to eat according to your tastes. And it’s great! The man may already know that he loves, which does not like it and announce it to his closest associates. Rate how important it is, and do not impose a baby of their choice, no matter how you were convinced of the usefulness of a particular dish. Find any suitable alternative. Do not panic over the fact that he did not eat anything. Thus the child is attempting to manipulate adults. This so-called “pen test” – check that it is possible and impossible. He refuses to oatmeal and buckwheat requested, and then he refuses to buckwheat and potatoes requests, but he neglects the potatoes and points to the egg. And so on until my mother have the patience. Well, if my mother’s patience is not enough, yet it must know what type of reaction, “I’ve nothing to fool head! Well let’s eat, and then the plate will wear on his head! “- Completely unacceptable.

Once the child is convinced that adults do not really worry about it and may even leave it to the hungry, then immediately stop such experiments. The nature of nature, but to eat something you want!

Tips

Eliminate from your vocabulary such expressions, which many adults can fight off the appetite, “You have such a club, it’s time to have the most,” “If you leave something on the plate – do not go for a walk,” “let’s eat well, and then, as Kashchei Immortal, “” I’m not used to cook for you to be here twisted nose, “and the like.

Never put your baby in front of a full plate. Better a few times to give supplements.

Do tiny sandwiches on one or two bites, and if they will be decorated with leaf lettuce, a circle of tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, and even with a skewer, for which you can conveniently take to send it into his mouth – to seduce even the great “refusenik “to eat.

Do not try to cook in the restaurant. First, as noted, children prefer simple food, and secondly, you are wasting less time and effort, and you will not be so sad to see the fruits of his labor, smeared on the tablecloth or vyvalennymi on the floor. If you always clean the food as soon as the child loses interest in her and starts to play at the table, it will be more closely related to their eating habits and do not start playing until they satisfy their hunger. Here, however, should mention that if the game year-old child during feeding (when he gets the pleasure of dipping his fingers into the vegetables, spreading mess on the hands or drop of milk on the table) are normal, because for him it is one way of understanding the world, the for older children is unacceptable. Not allowing gaming at the table, the parents must be firm (take it from the table), however, this should not be angry.

Do unusual and beautiful dishes. If the long boring grated carrots and apples to fill a small round saucer, put raisins for eyes, eyebrows drawn with a spoon, nose and mouth, and draw the edges of the arrow-rays, then until the baby is looking at this “sun”, it is completely invisible can migrate to it in the mouth. Most often used to decorate the greens, slices of fruit and vegetables is not only beautiful but also useful.

Often have picnics and forays into nature, that’s fine, “walking” your appetite. And if you find the usual sandwich in a hollow tree or an apple “grow” on a pine tree, the long begged his son not to come.
Many children eat even the most unloved dish “for the company,” or at a party.

Try to keep feeding it was not torture, but the holiday. Do not threaten a child and do not scold him if he was something not hungry. Let him get hungry as follows – no problems.

Most importantly, remember that even a single child on their own did not die of hunger, so it is unlikely that your the first.

Four to eight

In this age of gastronomic tastes and preferences of children are determined by many factors, far from the cooking. For example, it may fall out of love potatoes and chop, which he so loved, because it was prepared, when he was sick pig.

Parents should know that the food should be neither reward nor punishment. Otherwise, it will be the measure of all things and the joy of victory is not without joy, and awareness of guilt instead of ice cream comes regret, which was deprived of a misdemeanor. The child did not circus dog to train him in such a primitive way. Because of this “taming” the child learns is using it to solve their problems, getting into the refrigerator, when things go wrong, finding a meal only joy and consolation in life.

The secret of feeding vegetables

If the child does not eat vegetables, mask them in dishes of pasta – so scientists recommend.

Experts analyzed the children’s diets and found that children eat more vegetables, they grind and chafed, and in this form were introduced in the composition of a main dish. For chopping vegetables is sufficient to use a food processor or blender.

- It’s not a lie, it is possible to call minor changes in the formula, – the head of the research team, nutriolog University of Pennsylvania, USA, BA Rolls.

Scientists engaged in preparing a variety of dishes for children aged 3 – 5 years in three weeks. They cooked traditional cuisine – in the morning bread to zucchini during the day – spaghetti with ketchup, in the evening – turkey with ravioli. During the first week they added a small amount of main dishes of vegetables, the second and third week, they increased the content in dishes shredded vegetables, while reducing the weight of the main dishes. This allowed us to increase the amount of vegetables in the dish several times.

Such a change of main dishes meant that the children began to be used twice more vegetables than usual and at least 150 kcal. Some time ago, these same researchers found that frayed vegetables help reduce calorie familiar dishes on the table for adults. When you add grated vegetables, many may not even notice the change in the taste of food.

B. Rawls suggests applying this method to everyone, because it believes that a sufficient number almost nobody in the traditional diet of vegetables does not use.

Products that are energy charge of the child

If you want your child to feel less sick and courage, then you need to know what vitamins and minerals must be present every day in the diet of the child.

You can write infinitely about the properties of minerals and vitamins, but for now we will focus only on those that are particularly necessary in the autumn – when fatigue occurs most frequently, sometimes to spoil the mood of unknown causes, and viruses are becoming more aggressive.

Due to lack of magnesium can be caused by such unpleasant symptoms as fatigue, poor appetite, sleep disturbances, memory loss.

For the prevention of magnesium deficiency need to give your baby foods such as nuts, lettuce, beans and peas, black beans, sunflower seeds, bananas, avocados.

Zinc is necessary for the proper operation of the human immune system, you can even say that he is a defender of the body of the child. Zinc is found in meat food: chicken, beef, mutton and pork

Dried fruit. It is useful and tasty

In dried fruits contain high amounts of vitamins and minerals, in addition, they are available all year round and children very much.

Dried fruit is better to use the complex as well as nutrients that are not in some dried fruits are contained in the other. Fructose, which gives them a sweet taste, unlike sugar, slowly absorbed in the intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream, giving a burst of energy, no differences in insulin levels in the blood.

Dried apricots, figs, prunes, raisins, dates – what’s the benefit?

Dried apricots contain plenty of fiber, carotene, potassium and iron, as well as promotes the child’s body. Pre-soaked dried apricots can be eaten between meals, used to make compotes and bake pies and add cereal.

Enough high-calorie dried fruit figs, but it contains nutrients such as calcium, potassium, fiber and protein. Figs can be a good snack or added to many dishes.After all, it increases the appetite, but because of the high content of dietary fiber, improves digestion.

Raisin is rich in fiber and iron. Useful for feeble children, as well as enhances immunity. In the East, for example, green tea is drunk in prikusku with raisins – it’s tasty and healthy.

Dates are rich in fiber, iron and many vitamins. Daily consumption of dates helps to strengthen muscles and bones, and increases efficiency. In addition, the dates increase appetite.

Prunes contain the necessary vitamins and minerals. It contains protein and calcium, vitamins A and E and iron, which promotes the child’s body. And insoluble fiber, which has prunes in perfectly affects the intestines. If your child is prone to constipation, often give him a decoction of prunes.

Choose a healthy and quality fruits
Currently, stores and markets a wide range of dried fruit. However, not all of them are really useful. Sometimes manufacturers add to their different chemical elements, or poorly treated, and sellers are kept in improper form. For example, in order to retain a rich apricot orange color it added sulfites and sulfur dioxide. So better buy apricots darker color. When buying dried fruit in the market, be aware that not all sellers of goods kept clean. That is, dry fruits are in dirty drawers, and sometimes on the floor. It is better to prefer shopping. There, as a rule, they are packed in sealed packages and have the opportunity to get acquainted with the composition. And suddenly there stabilizers or preservatives? When choosing fruits, inspect the exterior, there are no mold or insect larvae.

Dried children
Of course, dried fruit should be present in children’s daily diet. You do not get carried away – a small handful a day will provide your child with necessary nutrients, vitamins and trace elements. Some of the dried fruits and nuts in combination, stimulate physical and mental development of children. Before serving, wash fruits and soak in water until tender.

10 foods that are particularly harmful to children

Speaking of bad food, we mean those products that actually can be harmful. And when it comes to children’s body, then you should know which ones are safe for children, and what products they contain. It is known that potentially hazardous substances are sodium, nitrates and nitrites, food dyes and additives, hydrogenated fats and sugar. In addition, there is little benefit from the products that are multi-stage process, that is, the more processed product, the lower the efficiency.

10 harmful food
1. Smoked meats, sausages – contain sodium, saturated fat, nitrates and nitrites, food coloring;

2. Potato chips and crackers – contain hydrogenated fats, harmful food additives, and a lot of salt;

3. Carbonated drinks – contain lots of sugar, caffeine and food krasieli;

4. Sweetened ready meals – contain hydrogenated fats, and food coloring;

5. Sweet fruit drinks – contain food colorings, and a lot of sugar;

6. Candy and other sweets – contain a lot of sugar, and sometimes food coloring;

7. Canned fish and meat – contain a lot of salt and preservatives;

8. Fried foods – contains carcinogens and toxins;

9. Instant noodles – packets of sauces and condiments contain harmful food additives;

10. The so-called dead food – white flour, white rice purified, refined oil – as well as a premium flour, white rice does not contain purified nuclei and membranes that make up the nutritional value of the product. The same goes for refined vegetable oils, which are being processed lose all the useful properties;

Remember that harmful products do not directly harm the body, they are gradually, leading to chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, seredechno-vascular diseases, to diabetes. Well, baby foods require particular attention. Tragically, many products for children contain these or other harmful substances. And to avoid the use of child, parents should carefully read the labels.

How to choose a baby formula?

In order to avoid problems that moms need to know how to choose the right mix and cook it.

For the preparation of infant formula to use a special children’s water, boiled for 5 minutes and ostuzhennuyu to 45 degrees. Pacifier and bottle should be cleaned from bacteria by boiling in a sealed container for 5 minutes. In the bottle to pour the prepared water and add a certain amount of mixture. Once put on the cap from the nipple on the bottle, shake it to mix completely dissolved. Before you feed your baby formula, drip a few drops from a bottle on your wrist to check how hot mixture. It is not necessary to store the remains in the bottle of breast smesi.Kak to choose infant formula?

For newborns to choose boxes with mixtures in which there is “1″. The composition of such mixtures is similar to that of breast milk is easily digested and have a baby in her stomach.
Mixture with the number “2″ is designed for babies up to one year, and with the number “3″ – for children from one year to three years. The composition of such mixtures is more fat, protein and vitamins with trace elements. Indeed, at this age kids are very active and need all these components.

With a mixture of casein formula made from cow’s milk powder. Casein is the major protein component of this mixture and hard to digest. Such mixtures are perfect kiddies, who often vomit.

Mixture, which is the inscription «Thermophilus» or «Bifidus» contain useful lactic acid bacteria – probiotics can help to protect the child from the gastrointestinal tract disorders. They are suitable for those kiddies who are sick and those who have diarrhea or constipation.

Mixture with the inscription «LC-PUFA» or «LIPIL» enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to those that are in breast milk. Such mixtures improve memory and brain function, as well as enhance immunity and are designed for children who are behind in development.
Mixture, which says “lactose” or “Nizkolaktoznye” contain very little or not at all contain lactose, dairy-free that is. They approach people with allergies.

How to get kids to eat vegetables?

Most children do not like vegetables. But we all know that vegetables should be approximately 40% of the diet. Scientists have come up with a way to feed the kids broccoli and spinach.

Scientists of the State University of Pennsylvania America is not opened: they offered to parents hide vegetables in useful favorite children’s dishes. Spaghetti with broccoli and chocolate cake with carrots, squash bread – a simple reality, and not exotic. Children eat their favorite dishes, even unaware of the hidden vegetables in them. But the researchers, who observed the children wrote reports that thanks to the simple trick of pre-schoolers have started twice as many vegetables, while consuming 11% fewer calories. And thanks to all the vegetable puree, added to the usual breakfast, lunch and desserts.

Normal potato and meat casserole can turn into a wonderfully nutritious, if half of the potatoes to replace the ground to mush cauliflower. A carrot cake – probably one of the most delicious cakes in the world, and to reduce its fat content, you need to replace oil in baked apple puree. The original taste of familiar foods is almost unchanged if the bake pancakes not only for milk and pumpkin puree on. Children are happy to eat pasta, covered with cheese sauce, which added pyurirovanny tomato. A string beans and eggplant can be grinding, pour in the soup, to conceal his seasoned off-color cream.

“The children consume inadequate amounts of vegetables, – says study leader Barbara Rolls (Barbara Rolls). - The task of parents – any hook or crook to ensure the child nutrition, and our research shows that make it quite easy. ”

The conclusion is obvious: if you can not feed a baby carrot is open, we will do it secretly. And the children – they will understand when they grow up.

Mental development of children up to 1 month

Adaptation to extrauterine environment toddler promote innate reflexes. Some of them disappear in the first months of life, others transformed into acquired reflexes, leaving the level of consciousness. These innate reflexes, as a reflex sneezing, startle, blink, yawn, knee reflexes saved the kid for life. During the first month of life the child is isolated seven basic reflexes: prehensile – occurs during strokes or light touch palm of the child. Reflex baby grasps and holds everything that concerns his hand. EXPLORATORY – the kid turns head if the address or stroke his cheek. This reflex is a necessary component of an instinct for finding food and nutrition. Sucking – the kid seen sucking movements of lips, if you hold around your mouth with your finger or pacifier. Sucking reflex, as well as search, strongly connected with the instinct for food. Babinski – during finger on the outer edge of the foot fingers feet apart in opposite directions with rotation of the foot.

REFLEX MORA – newborn and reduces spreads his arms and legs in response to loud and sudden sound.

REFLEX Babkin – when pressed in the palm of a baby, he turns his head and opens his mouth.

SWIMMING REFLEX – the kid makes a motion like swimming, if you put it on her stomach.

WALKING REFLEX – newborn makes the motion that simulate walking, if you keep him under his arms so that he touched the feet of any surface.

REFLEX SUPPORTS – the oversight of the support legs unbend newborn and tight across the foot rests on the table surface.

REFLEX Crawling Bauer – with pressure on the plantar surface of the legs baby, laid on his stomach, the child reflexively performs the movement of crawling.

And as developed sense organs in this period? Many newborns in the middle of the second week of life are able to keep in sight of a moving object such as a bright rattle about ten inches in diameter. If at a distance of 40-50 cm from the supine to put a bright kid toy and start to slowly move it from side to side, then the baby for a few seconds fixes the toy look. Baby three weeks of age usually is able to fix the eyes more or less large fixed objects such as a person mom or dad. If you approach the infant lying on his back to a distance of 40-50 cm and draw his attention to the conversation, and then be quiet, remaining stationary, baby freeze, too, looking intently at your face. By the fourth week of the baby’s eye movement is more fluid and coordinated.
A few words about the organs of hearing. In the middle of the second week of life in a loud shrill sound, whose source is outside the purview of the child, your child will react wince and blink. By the third week of life the newborn to the sound of the environment is much more important. Auditory stimuli intensively taught his brain to take the first decision.
By the end of the fourth week of life, babies are usually pleased with moms and dads not only the progressive improvement of the organs of sight and hearing.Extraordinarily pleasant is the first positive detection of emotional responses to parental presence kid. Four-week infant is able to smile! Most likely, the first smile of a child will respond to repeated gentle handling to it. The more you smile the fumes, the faster it will respond the same way. In general, it is important to parents in the family keep a positive emotional background, do not interfere with the child, do not sort things out. Newborn absorbs everything like a sponge and feel the nuances about the psychological climate. Now baby needs affectionate communication. Do not underestimate the sensory capabilities newborn.

Physical development of children up to 1 month

In this man’s life will be hundreds and tens of years, months, but the first month – four weeks of special responsibility, and parents’ attention, it is thirty days for new experiences and recognition of this world baby, new impressions and experiences of extraordinary moms and dads, this month, when new life literally and figuratively poured into your home. In the nursing home as a pistol shot, there was a cry of a new citizen of our planet. Start data, and ahead – marathon-long life.
During the first month after birth the baby is called a newborn. Just born, after an uneasy first breath and stunning descent catharsis (the first cry), organs and systems are beginning to adapt baby to extrauterine life. Significantly restructured the circulatory system, is rapidly destroyed red blood cells with hemoglobin type of fruit (also known as fetal) are now irrelevant to the body, activates the immune system, to solve their first problem kidneys, digestive and endocrine system of the child, and his skin, respiratory tract and intestines first encounter with the previously unfamiliar to them with germs.
It is possible that in the first week after birth the child will lose about ten percent of body weight. This is a consequence of neonatal adaptation to extrauterine environment. Parents should not panic and worry in this regard. In the future baby quickly recover and gain weight. In the first week of the entire body works a newborn with a higher voltage, and a more stable and peaceful state occurs only at the beginning of the second week. The first month of the baby much of the day (20 hours), holds in his sleep. A newborn usually sleeps in the frog position, that is lying on his back with legs bent at the elbows and raised up hands, and with legs bent at the knees and spread apart the sides. A newborn at this time distinguish five states: deep sleep when the baby is totally relaxed, breathe slowly and evenly, his eyes closed and his face relaxed, shallow sleep, when the child has more frequent, not even breathing, possibly twitching hands and feet, can be distinguished how to move the eyeballs under eyelids, drowsiness that occurs during nursing or before going to sleep, characterized by half-closed eyes awake when the baby is active, makes the whole body movement, hands and feet, weeping, indicating that the newborn discomfort, such as he is hungry, scared or wet.
In the first month of the baby experience the following features of motility – lying on his stomach, he tries to lift his head, and sometimes he even manages to keep her in this state for a few seconds. For the first thirty days, the newborn will add to his original weight of about 600 grams and will grow by about 3 cm, head circumference increased by 1.5-2 cm.

In the first month is very important to establish breast-feeding. Obviously, the best food for him is the mother’s milk. In the first days of life the amount of milk in women is gradually increasing. What are the recommendations for the stimulation of lactation? One of the most popular recent methods of stimulation of lactation is more frequent latching baby to the breast at the first sign of anxiety of the child. This method is called the “regime of free-feeding” or “feeding on demand.” Thus, some moms get 12.10 per night feedings. The disadvantage is that excessive fatigue mom.
An alternative method, practiced actively until the last decade, is called “feeding on the clock.” Doctors recommend feeding a newborn at 3 or 3.5 hours – get 6 or 7 times a day, desired night-time – 5-6 hours. If the child sleep for feeding for 20-40 minutes, but next time, however, require power for 20-30 minutes earlier, it is possible to go to meet him.
As recommended by the World Health Organization, up to six months, your baby only breast milk is enough and how to drink, and as food. Breast milk – Best food for the child in its first months of life, and there are no substitutes for him there. Every woman should know this and take it for granted, if he wants to ensure her baby’s health and optimal conditions for the development of his body.
It is important to correctly put the nipple in the baby’s mouth – it should capture the entire areola. It is established that the bulk of breast milk a child sucks in the first 5 – 10 minutes of feeding. However, the greatest nutritional value has just arriving later, so-called “back” milk. In this case there are children who quickly tired, fall asleep at the breast, they should be encouraged to suck, it is easy to pat on cheeks, taking out a breath and re-investing the nipple. It is not recommended as finish feeding the child, who quickly fell asleep, and woke up after 40-50 minutes and demands once again eating – this is straying rhythm of feeding, lays the ground for digestive disorders and hysterical neuroses. Sucking babe swallows not only milk – along with the nutrient liquid enters the air from which the child seeks to get rid of. Therefore, the procedure spit the air, when the surplus accumulated out of gas, is very important. Breastfeeding regurgitation air optimally every 5 minutes (or when changing the breasts) and every 50 d feeding from a bottle. This is usually done in three ways – vertically on your shoulder, face down on your lap or in a sitting position – and not bad to try all three methods to determine which one best suits you and your child.
Bloating, abdominal cramps, “colic” – the frequent companions of the first months of life, even in otherwise healthy children. Home ways to support your child in these conditions: a gentle massage of the tummy in a clockwise direction, the vertical position of the hands of an adult or a so-called contact “skin to skin” – the baby is placed on the belly bare breasts mother, reclining in a chair on top is covered with a blanket, stroking his mom on the back. Placing your baby on his stomach for 3-5 minutes and receive planteksa (containing basically dill) can prevent “colic”, promoting the removal of gas from the intestines.
A very important point the first weeks of life – the healing of the umbilical wound. At discharge from the hospital at the usual time (fifth – seventh day) completely healed umbilical wound not time. Traditionally processed navel solution of brilliant green (brilliant green). And this should be done daily, as long as the wound does not become completely dry in the morning on the toilet and in the evening after the child’s daily swim. While the crust is not eliminated, it is recommended to add water when bathing slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate, camomile tea, or St. John’s wort. Water temperature for swimming 37-37,5 ° C, duration of swimming – no more than 5-7 minutes. If the baby gets separated from the umbilical wound or redness and swelling of the umbilical ring – need a doctor’s consultation. To the doctor should also contact if the crust from the umbilical wound does not cease on the child’s age 14-15 days.

Breastfeeding, Lactation

This section contains useful articles about breastfeeding. If you are thinking that it is better and more important for a child – breast-feeding or the use of special infant formula, then, before making a final decision, you will certainly be interesting to compare the composition of breast milk and mix, as well as their effects on the body baby.

Articles about nutrition infants contains answers to frequently asked questions concerning the mothers of all without exception.

How often and how long should be breast-feeding? What is a lactation, what are its characteristics? Under what conditions produced the correct lactation? Can a child “overeat” when he breastfeeds? How do you explain the frequent regurgitation?That promotes lactation, which affects failures in the “production” of breast milk?

What and how to feed a nursing mother to breast-feeding occurred without a hitch, without a hitch? How to combine breastfeeding and medications, affect whether drugs on lactation? How to avoid food allergies?

Feeding the baby – it is responsible, and many people want to know more about it, to feel more confident. Time the information will help you grow healthy, cheerful kid.

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